The key to getting Microsoft Outlook to dial telephone numbers the way you want is to enter numbers in the right format. Any numbers outside your own country should be entered in "international" format. Also use international format for all numbers (not just those in other countries), if you do any traveling outside your country.

About International Format | When to Lie about Phone Numbers | Automatic Phone Number FormattingProblems with Imported Numbers | Related Procedures

Outlook adds the country code to phone numbers

Outlook will add the country code, for example +1, to phone numbers under two different scenarios.

If the option to automatically add the country code is selected in Outlook's Dialer options, as soon as you tab out of the phone number field the country code will be added.

Open the dialer. You can do this by starting a phone call to a contact. Click on Dialing Options. Is Outlook configured to automatically add the country code?

When 'automatically add country code' is not selected in options, avoid touching the Check Phone Number buttons as doing so will add a + and country code to the number. If you do open the dialog, click Cancel to leave the screen, not Ok. Some smartphones don't handle the + well and will be unable to dial the call.

See Phone Number Formatting for Outlook and Smartphones for more information.

About International Format

International format means +xxx (yyy) zzz-zzzz where the elements are

For example, a typical U.S. or Canadian number would be +1 (202) 555-1234. The + in front of the country code and parentheses surrounding the area code are key punctuation elements that define this as a number in international format.

For any number in this format, Windows applies the Dialing Properties set for your location. When you set up a location, you specify the country and area code from which you're calling. You can also enter any line access or call waiting codes. You might even include more complex codes in the form of a calling card. (There's lots of information on setting up calling cards in the MSKB article How to Create Custom Calling Card Rules, in the Windows Help file on your system, in my Exchange Client FAQ and in Chapter 3 of The Exchange User's Handbook.)

Here's how the Dialing Properties interact with numbers entered in international format:

• If the country code and area code for the current dialing location match the codes for the number you're dialing, Windows treats it as a local call.
• If only the country codes match, then it's a long-distance call.
• If neither the country code nor area code matches, it's an international call.

Depending on the type of call, different codes are dialed before the number itself. For U.S. calls, a "1" is added before a long-distance call and "011" before an international call. Don't enter the 1 or 011 as part of the phone number; it's built into Windows. (You can change these codes by creating a calling card as part of your dialing location or by editing Telephon.ini following the instructions in the MSKB article Windows 95 - How to Change International Dialing Access Codes. For later versions of Windows, the information appears to be in the [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Telephony\ tree of the Windows registry; make a backup before you change anything. ) Other countries use different codes; they, too, are built into Windows.

If you never, ever travel outside your country, you can enter just the area code and local number, as in (202) 555-1234. Microsoft Outlook will correctly dial such a number as a long-distance number within your country.

If you don't travel outside your local area code, local numbers can be entered without the area code. These will be correctly dialed with the Dialing Properties you set. However, you may see your local area code added automatically when you type in a local number. That's because, for many countries, proper formatting is applied automatically whenever you enter a number with the right number of digits, the area code and country code being added automatically and the correct punctuation applied.

In some countries where automatic formatting does not apply, such as Ireland and the Philippines, if you enter only the local number, Outlook oddly tries to dial the number as if it were in the United States. If this occurs, entering the number in international format should correct the problem. See the MSKB article Fax Uses Incorrect Country Code with Windows NT for a variation on this problem that affects users outside the United States.

When to Lie about Phone Numbers

A common problem occurs when a U.S. or Canadian city has more than one area code and the usual "1" for long-distance numbers must be omitted. Under Windows 95, you need to "lie" to Windows to make these numbers work in Outlook. The best solution is to move to Windows 98, which supports 10-digit dialing for the United States, Canada and various Caribbean islands.

For example, say you live in Atlanta in area code 404, but often dial numbers in neighboring area code 970 that don't need a long-distance "1." Enter such numbers like this:

+1 (404) 970-zzz-zzzz

where zzz-zzzz is the local number.

Because this number is in international format, Windows applies the Dialing Properties. The +1 country code matches your dialing location. So does the (404) area code. Therefore, it treats 970-zzz-zzzz as a local number, adding only whatever local access or call waiting codes you have in the Dialing Properties, or perhaps applying a calling card. See the MSKB article How to Perform 10-Digit Dialing in Windows 95.

There is another method to solving this problem, particularly applicable if you never make long-distance calls with your computer, only local calls. Create a calling card with "G" for local calls (within the same area code) and "F G" for long distance calls. This eliminates the 1 completely for all calls both inside and outside your area code.

A variation on this subject occurs when you have numbers in your own area code that need to be dialed with the +1 long distance prefix and the area code. See the MSKB article Modifying the Toll Prefix List in Windows 95 for one technique for managing these numbers. You can also work with the toll prefix list through the properties for the Microsoft Fax service.

I have found another workaround to allow you to enter phone numbers and have them dialed exactly as entered -- prefix them with a comma or with *67 (where this is recognized as the code for suppressing caller ID information). For example, if you use a calling card for long distance and international calls, you would want toll-free 800 numbers to be dialed without going through the calling card. Enter the number like this:

,18005551234

exactly as you want it dialed. If you need a 9 for an outside line, put that in front, since entering a number this way completely bypasses the Windows dialing properties. So far, I have tried this method only on Windows 95 and only for dialing voice calls, not for faxes. Let me know if it works for you in other situations.

Finally, for faxes, I've modified the Contact form to support 10-digit dialing for faxes as an option. See Creating a "New Fax to Contact" Action.

Automatic Phone Number Formatting

For more than 50 locations, listed below with their country codes, Microsoft Outlook should automatically format the numbers you enter or import into international format or, optionally, format them with just the area code and local number:

For automatic formatting to occur, you must have the location set up correctly, and you must enter the number in a format that Microsoft Outlook recognizes as valid for that country.

Australia: For example, local numbers in Australia are 8 digits long. Say, you're in area code 02. If you enter an 8-digit number, such as 87878765, Microsoft Outlook formats it as +61 (02) 8787-8765, adding the +61 country code and (02) area code automatically, based on your location.

United States: In the U.S., according to Microsoft Knowledge Base article Location Settings Determine Phone Number Format, these entry formats should work, whether you're typing them or importing them:

• Eleven digits for international telephone numbers
• Ten digits for telephone numbers outside your local area code
• Seven digits for telephone numbers within your local area code

However, I've had no success getting 11-digit international phone numbers to format automatically.

France: The automatic formatting for France doesn't seem to take into account recent changes in dialing procedures. All numbers must be dialed as 10-digit numbers, with the first two digits being a regional code (01, 02, 03, 04, 05). However, callers from outside France would omit the 0 in the regional code and dial the country code, plus a 9-digit number. My current solution is to enter numbers as +33 (2) 12 34 56 78, rather than try to get the AutoFormat to do anything meaningful. The dialing properties are set with France (33) as the country and the area code as 2, not 02. Also included in the dialing properties is a calling card with the following settings:

What this means is that, for those local calls, the 0 is always dialed, then a one-digit region code (F), then the local number (G). Calls from other regions would be dialed the same way.

Beyond the above examples, there's no way to know what entry formats are recognized as valid for a particular country other than trial and error. I'll be happy to post more information on particular countries if you figure out additional valid formats that trigger this automatic masking.

FYI, when you are in a location that supports automatic formatting, you can turn off the country code for new numbers added to Contacts. Note, though, that this means you'll need to edit these numbers to add the country code if you ever need to use your Microsoft Outlook Contacts folder in another country.

To block the automatic formatting, you can enter a comma at the beginning of your number. Outlook interprets that as a brief dialing pause, then dials the number exactly as you entered it.

Problems with Imported Numbers

Phone numbers imported from other applications often have two problems. They are generally not in international format, so if you travel a lot, you may not get the dialing properties to work properly. In this case, you may want to update the numbers first, before importing.

Furthermore, even imported numbers with the right formatting are often not recognized by Outlook as being formatted. You can force Outlook to format the number by editing the number, then saving the contact. See the MSKB articles Imported Fax Numbers May Not Work in Outlook and How to Correct Formatting and Parsing of Imported Contacts for suggested procedures.

Related Procedures

To set your location in Microsoft Outlook

1. Choose Tools | Options.
2. Click the General tab, click Dialing Options, and then click Dialing Properties.
3. Enter the information requested, then click OK until all the dialog boxes close.

To omit the country code from new numbers in Outlook 97

1. Choose Tools | Options.
2. Click the General tab, then click Dialing Options
3. Clear the Automatically add country code to local phone numbers check box.
4. Click OK twice

To omit the country code from new numbers in Outlook 98 or Outlook 2000

1. Switch to the Contacts folder.
2. Choose Actions | Call Contact | New Call.
3. Click Dialing Options
4. Clear the Automatically add country code to local phone numbers check box.
5. Click OK twice

The check box in Step 3 (Outlook 97) or 4 (Outlook 98 or 2000) will be available only if you are in a location that supports automatic formatting.

To have an extension dialed after a brief pause

Format the number with a few commas before the extension, like this:

+1 (202) 555-1212,,,,117

To have local fax numbers dialed with the area code and number

See Creating a "New Fax to Contact" Action